《新教伦理与资本主义精神》导读 from Coursera

德国思想巨擎马克斯·韦伯在20世纪初，以其深邃的洞察力发现了欧洲文明进程中宗教信仰对近代资本主义诞生做出的特殊贡献，从而提出了不同于马克思“经济基础决定上层建筑”的历史发展观，并由此引发了一系列引人深思的文化、社会和宗教学问题。本课程将以对马克斯·韦伯的《新教伦理与资本主义精神》的深度阅读为基础，让学生对韦伯的宗教社会学研究有初步的了解，进而深入思考文化与社会互动的基本关系，提升学生的人文素养和培养独立思维精神。

本课程在系统介绍韦伯《新教伦理与资本主义精神》背景的基础上，让学生直接、深入阅读文本本身，同时补充一些欧洲文化史的相关内容（文艺复兴、新教改革、启蒙运动、资本主义兴起），并穿插一些韦伯社会研究方法论的基本观念（例如理想型、价值中立、选择亲缘性等），使得学生深入思考文化和社会之间的双向、互动的关系。此外，本课程还将着重培养学生扩展阅读（韦伯的其他著作，如《儒教与道教》、《经济与社会》等）和独立思考的能力。如有可能，本课程还将引导大家来反思个人的生活选择，例如对时间、金钱和职业的态度。

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导论

“未经反思的生活是不值得过的。”古希腊哲学家苏格拉底这样告诉我们。如果将这一原则运用于这门慕课，那么在开始上课之前，郁喆隽老师就要来反思一下为何要阅读这本书——《新教伦理与资本主义精神》，以及为什么要开设这门慕课。因此，本模块将不会急于直接进入文本本身，而是要处理一些准备性的大问题。导论将紧紧围绕“反思”一词展开，分别解说“何谓反思”、“为何反思”以及“如何反思”等问题，以此为本慕课设定一些目标和基调。

韦伯和他的时代

在展开对文本的深度阅读之前，本模块将系统地介绍韦伯的生平、精神特征和他所处的时代——德意志第二帝国。此外，本模块还涉及一些更为一般的问题，例如如何理解一个学者。这些内容都构成理解《新教伦理与资本主义精神》这本书不可或缺的背景。韦伯作为一个人，度过了怎样的人生，经历了哪些事件？他所处的时代，以及国家的基本状况，为韦伯写作该书提供了哪些基本的“问题意识”？了解了这些，将有助于我们更为深入地理解文本本身。

宗教与资本主义

本模块将开始直接深入分析《新教伦理与资本主义精神》的文本，大致对应书中第一卷的内容。本慕课的文本解读采取“剥洋葱”的方式：郁老师不会直接告诉大家韦伯的结论，而是层层推进，逐步分析韦伯问题的由来，阐明他对一些当时流行观点的看法，并最终导出本书的核心问题之一，即宗教与经济的关系。在此过程中，我们还将涉及一些本书的核心概念，如“苦行”、“资本主义精神”和路德的职业观等。

基督宗教与西方文明

本模块有意在两个文本解读中间安排一些对宗教内容的解说。自启蒙运动以降，自然主义和世俗主义大致成为当代人的基本假设。这可能导致我们忽视或低估宗教对文化、文明的影响。而且在一些国家的国民教育体系中，也较少涉及有关宗教的内容。因此，郁喆隽老师将从历史和文化的角度切入，大致介绍世界宗教的基本状况，并用大量的实例来说明什么是基督宗教、基督宗教的历史脉络、以及基督宗教对西方文明的塑造作用。

入世禁欲的宗教基础

本模块再次回到文本的深度解读，大致对应《新教伦理与资本主义精神》全书的第二卷内容。在本模块中，我们将跟随韦伯的思路，面对全书最为精要的分析段落，来回答第一卷中提出的基本问题。本模块将处理如下一些关系：苦行与新教教派、苦行与资本主义精神。我们将看到，韦伯如何以加尔文教派的神恩蒙选和预定论为重点，阐明其神学特征与资本主义诞生之间的“选择亲缘性”。其中也涉及一些当代人无法回避的基本问题，如怎样面对时间、职业和财富等。

韦伯与亚洲

韦伯在《新教伦理与资本主义精神》中处理的虽然是有关欧洲基督宗教的问题，但他提出的设问在 20世纪对亚洲产生了重大的影响。本模块将以《诸世界宗教的经济伦理》中所提出的“韦伯问题”为切入点，展开对韦伯另一部名著《儒教与道教》的解读，并简要介绍亚洲学者对儒家伦理与资本主义关系的研究。在本模块最后部分，我们将对课程进行总结和回顾，回到一些关于文化与文明的大问题。郁喆隽老师希望经过本慕课的学习，所有人对这些问题都有了全新的认识。

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Explores the foundational relationship between religious belief and the rise of modern capitalism in Europe

Builds a solid foundation in Weber's sociological theories and concepts

Examines the historical and cultural context of Weber's work, providing a rich understanding of the origins of capitalism

Facilitates critical thinking and analysis skills through the detailed examination of Weber's texts

Offers insights into the complex interplay between culture, religion, and economic development

Encourages students to reflect on their own life choices in relation to the concepts discussed

Reviews summary

Highly praised introduction to weber's work

This course serves as a highly informative introduction to the work of Max Weber, specifically his seminal text "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism." Through direct reading of the text and supplementary historical context, the course explores the relationship between religion, social structure, and economic development. Students will gain an understanding of Weber's sociological methodology and how his ideas continue to shape contemporary understandings of culture and society.

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阅读文本并做笔记
确定论点的关键组成部分
梳理见解并写成简明扼要的摘要

反思个人经历

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撰写一段反思个人经历与信仰、价值观和职业选择之间的关系。

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思考信仰、价值观和职业选择
探索个人经历与这些方面的联系
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拓展阅读韦伯著作

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阅读韦伯的另一部著作《儒教与道教》，探索其对亚洲宗教和资本主义关系的见解。

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分析韦伯对儒家伦理与资本主义关系的见解

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Career center

Learners who complete 《新教伦理与资本主义精神》导读 will develop knowledge and skills that may be useful to these careers:

Sociologist

Sociologists study the relationship between religion and society, including the role of religion in shaping economic behavior. This course, which focuses on the influence of Protestantism on the development of capitalism, would provide a strong foundation for a career in sociology.

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Economic Historian

Economic historians study the history of economic development, including the role of religion in shaping economic institutions. This course, which focuses on the influence of Protestantism on the development of capitalism, would provide a strong foundation for a career in economic history.

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Anthropologist

Anthropologists study the culture and beliefs of different societies, including the role of religion in shaping those cultures. This course, which examines the relationship between Protestantism and the rise of capitalism, would provide valuable insights for anthropologists interested in the relationship between culture and economy.

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Theologian

Theologians study the history, beliefs, and practices of different religions. This course, which examines the relationship between Protestantism and the rise of capitalism, would provide valuable insights for theologians interested in the relationship between religion and society.

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Professor

Professors teach and conduct research in a variety of academic disciplines, including sociology, anthropology, economic history, and theology. This course, which examines the relationship between Protestantism and the rise of capitalism, would provide valuable insights for professors interested in teaching or researching the relationship between religion and society.

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Religious Studies Scholar

Religious studies scholars study the history, beliefs, and practices of different religions. This course, which examines the relationship between Protestantism and the rise of capitalism, would provide valuable insights for religious studies scholars interested in the relationship between religion and society.

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Minister

Ministers provide spiritual guidance and leadership to their congregations. This course, which examines the relationship between Protestantism and the rise of capitalism, would provide valuable insights for ministers interested in understanding the historical roots of their faith.

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Rabbi

Rabbis provide spiritual guidance and leadership to their congregations. This course, which examines the relationship between Protestantism and the rise of capitalism, would provide valuable insights for rabbis interested in understanding the historical roots of their faith.

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Priest

Priests provide spiritual guidance and leadership to their congregations. This course, which examines the relationship between Protestantism and the rise of capitalism, would provide valuable insights for priests interested in understanding the historical roots of their faith.

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Imam

Imams provide spiritual guidance and leadership to their congregations. This course, which examines the relationship between Protestantism and the rise of capitalism, would provide valuable insights for imams interested in understanding the historical roots of their faith.

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Librarian

Librarians help people find and access information. This course, which examines the relationship between Protestantism and the rise of capitalism, would provide valuable insights for librarians interested in developing collections on the history of religion.

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Archivist

Archivists preserve and manage historical records. This course, which examines the relationship between Protestantism and the rise of capitalism, would provide valuable insights for archivists interested in preserving and managing religious records.

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Museum curator

Museum curators oversee the collections and exhibits of museums. This course, which examines the relationship between Protestantism and the rise of capitalism, would provide valuable insights for museum curators interested in developing exhibits on the history of religion.

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Journalist

Journalists report on current events and issues. This course, which examines the relationship between Protestantism and the rise of capitalism, would provide valuable insights for journalists interested in reporting on religion and society.

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Lawyer

Lawyers provide legal advice and representation to clients. This course, which examines the relationship between Protestantism and the rise of capitalism, would provide valuable insights for lawyers interested in practicing law in the areas of religious freedom or corporate governance.

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